檢視 北美俄亥俄州出土水獺外形個煙斗 的原始碼
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北美俄亥俄州出土水獺外形個煙斗
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===基本資料=== *年代:西元前200年到西元100年之間 *出處:美國的俄亥俄州土塚市 *高5.1cm、長10cm、寬3.3cm *經緯度:40.3664、-82.7901 *文明:印加 ===簡介=== 抽菸會帶來快樂與危險。這支菸斗在2000年前的北美洲非常流行。他的形狀就像一支卡祖笛，他有一把長柄和一個碗狀的東西，是用略帶紅色的石頭雕刻而成，下面有個長約10cm的平直底座，底座一邊挖了一個小孔，當作菸頭咬嘴，煙斗的碗狀物用來放菸草，石頭磨得很光滑，水賴的頭向著菸頭咬嘴，因此抽菸的人在抽菸時眼睛會正好凝視著水賴的眼睛，且鼻子和水賴的鼻子也會碰在一起。這便是世界上人類最早使用的煙斗，人類抽菸斗的歷史從此開始。 <img src="http://www.britishmuseum.org/images/mm040819_m.jpg" width="250" height="250" /> ===北美印第安文化=== [[File:Nordamerikanische Kulturareale en.png|thumb|歐洲接觸的大盆地部落|200px]] 抽菸是北美洲宗教和禮儀上必備的一部份，北美東部部落會進行大量的菸草袋作為貿易項目，部落的人民往往會用菸斗抽菸。吸菸，菸草作為醫藥用途，作為一種止痛劑。它被用於耳痛和牙痛，偶爾作為膏藥。 [[File:Leaf epidermis.jpg|thumb|顯微鏡下菸草葉子的表面 |200px]] ===菸斗、菸種類=== [[File:水煙.JPG|200px]] [[File:煙絲.JPG|50px]] [[File:雪茄.JPG|200px]] [[File:Cigarette.jpg|香菸|200px]] ===菸草病毒=== [[File:TMV virus super resolution microscopy Christoph Cremer Christina Wege.jpg|thumb|TMV病毒超解像|400px]] [[File:TMV.jpg|200px] *菸草鑲嵌病毒，又名菸草花葉病毒，是一種[https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92 RNA病毒]，專門感染植物，尤其是菸草及其他茄科植物，能使這些受感染的葉片看來斑駁污損，因此得名。 ===國家、帝國=== *印加帝國:11世紀至16世紀時位於南美洲的古老帝國，亦是前哥倫布時期美洲最大的帝國 [[File:Banner of the Inca Empire.svg|thumb|印加帝國國徽]] *阿茲特克:是一個存在於14世紀至16世紀的墨西哥古文明，是前哥倫布時期中美洲最大的帝國，也形成了獨特的阿茲特克文明。 [[File:StaCeciliaAcatitlan.jpg|thumb|阿茲特克金字塔]] ===參考連結=== *[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nordamerikanische_Kulturareale_en.png 維基共享資源 User:Nikater] *[https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%83%9F%E8%8D%89#.E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2 菸草] *[https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B 印加帝國] *[https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%8C%B2%E7%89%B9%E5%85%8B 阿茲特克] *[https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91 美洲原住民] *[https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%B8%E8%8F%B8 吸菸] *[https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92 核糖核酸病毒] *[https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%B8%E8%8F%B8 吸菸] *[https://translate.google.com.tw/translate?hl=zh-TW&sl=zh-CN&u=http://archives.cnd.org/HXWK/column/History/kd100520-1.gb.html&prev=search 美國往事——北美的原住民：印地安人] *[https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%AA%E8%8C%84 雪茄] *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Great_Basin Indigenous peoples of the Great Basin] 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大盆地的原住民(出自維基百科)] *[http://geacron.com/home-zh-hans/?lang=zh-hans 世界历史地图集“及时间表] *[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Four_cigars.jpg Four cigars.jpg] *[https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%B8%E8%8D%89%E9%91%B2%E5%B5%8C%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92 菸草鑲嵌病毒] *[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Banner_of_the_Inca_Empire.svg Banner of the Inca Empire.svg] ===搜尋關鍵字=== *北美印第安抽菸 *菸草 *北美印第安文化 *印加帝國 *水煙 [[File:西元前200年.PNG|thumb|西元前200年|400px]]
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