北美俄亥俄州出土水獺外形個煙斗:修訂版本之間的差異
出自六年制學程
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− | === | + | [[分類:大英博物館百品特展]] |
+ | ===展品基本資料=== | ||
+ | [[File:British Museum otter pipe.jpg|313px|right]] | ||
*年代:西元前200年到西元100年之間 | *年代:西元前200年到西元100年之間 | ||
*出處:美國的俄亥俄州土塚市 | *出處:美國的俄亥俄州土塚市 | ||
− | *高5. | + | *高5.1cm、深10cm、寬3.3cm |
*經緯度:40.3664、-82.7901 | *經緯度:40.3664、-82.7901 | ||
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===簡介=== | ===簡介=== | ||
抽菸會帶來快樂與危險。這支菸斗在2000年前的北美洲非常流行。他的形狀就像一支卡祖笛,他有一把長柄和一個碗狀的東西,是用略帶紅色的石頭雕刻而成,下面有個長約10cm的平直底座,底座一邊挖了一個小孔,當作菸頭咬嘴,煙斗的碗狀物用來放菸草,石頭磨得很光滑,水賴的頭向著菸頭咬嘴,因此抽菸的人在抽菸時眼睛會正好凝視著水賴的眼睛,且鼻子和水賴的鼻子也會碰在一起。這便是世界上人類最早使用的煙斗,人類抽菸斗的歷史從此開始。 | 抽菸會帶來快樂與危險。這支菸斗在2000年前的北美洲非常流行。他的形狀就像一支卡祖笛,他有一把長柄和一個碗狀的東西,是用略帶紅色的石頭雕刻而成,下面有個長約10cm的平直底座,底座一邊挖了一個小孔,當作菸頭咬嘴,煙斗的碗狀物用來放菸草,石頭磨得很光滑,水賴的頭向著菸頭咬嘴,因此抽菸的人在抽菸時眼睛會正好凝視著水賴的眼睛,且鼻子和水賴的鼻子也會碰在一起。這便是世界上人類最早使用的煙斗,人類抽菸斗的歷史從此開始。 | ||
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<img src="http://www.britishmuseum.org/images/mm040819_m.jpg" width="250" height="250" /> | <img src="http://www.britishmuseum.org/images/mm040819_m.jpg" width="250" height="250" /> | ||
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===北美印第安文化=== | ===北美印第安文化=== | ||
− | [[File: | + | [[File:印加帝國2.png|400px]] |
+ | [[File:印加帝國3.png|200px]] | ||
− | + | *抽菸是北美洲宗教和禮儀上必備的一部份,北美東部部落會進行大量的菸草袋作為貿易項目,部落的人民往往會用菸斗抽菸。菸草作為醫藥用途,作為一種止痛劑。它被用於耳痛和牙痛,偶爾作為膏藥。 | |
− | + | *詹姆斯城(Jamestown),約翰·羅爾夫(John Rolfe)是第一個知道如何種植菸草的人。1612年他引進素質優良的菸草種子,種出來的菸草品質更好。他在維吉尼亞州種植,並在英國出售,風味更受歡迎。羅爾夫和包爾坦酋長的女兒普卡康蒂公主(Pocahontas)結為夫妻。普卡康蒂的兒子也繼承父親的菸草種植業。 | |
+ | *佛教和尚戒飲酒,酒是五戒之一,但未提到戒菸。《四分戒》中第四卷甚至提到佛祖教人為了治療熱帶性疾病去吸菸的方法。中國佛協第六屆全國代表會議通過《全國漢傳佛教寺院共住規約通則》,明確禁止吸菸。 | ||
+ | 香菸約於明朝末年傳入中國。1637年,崇禎為了禁菸,勒令以斬首示眾懲罰私種私售者。不過遼東與後金苦戰的兵部尚書洪承疇卻上奏說「遼東士卒,嗜此若命」,導致禁菸過程出現障礙。《清史稿》列傳十八有遼西將領孫得功駐守義州時曾疏言:「禁淡巴菰(ㄍㄨ),令未能行。步兵皆用火器,尤宜申諭戒革……」。清初士人王士禛的筆記記載:「今世公卿士大夫下逮與隸婦女,無不嗜(ㄕˋ)菸草,田家種之連畛(ㄓㄣˇ),頗獲厚利。考之《本草》、《爾雅》,皆不載。」 | ||
+ | 目前只有略高於5%的世界人口受到反吸菸法的保護。世界衛生組織估計,與吸菸相關的疾病每年導致大約500萬人過早死亡,其中有大約60萬非吸菸者死於二手菸的危害。 | ||
===菸斗、菸種類=== | ===菸斗、菸種類=== | ||
− | [[File: | + | [[File:水煙.JPG|200px]] |
− | [[File: | + | [[File:煙絲.JPG|150px]] |
− | [[File: | + | [[File:雪茄.JPG|200px]] |
− | [[File: | + | [[File:香菸.jpeg|200px]] |
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===菸草病毒=== | ===菸草病毒=== | ||
− | [[File: | + | [[File:菸草鑲嵌病毒.jpg|200px]] |
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*菸草鑲嵌病毒,又名菸草花葉病毒,是一種[https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92 RNA病毒],專門感染植物,尤其是菸草及其他茄科植物,能使這些受感染的葉片看來斑駁污損,因此得名。 | *菸草鑲嵌病毒,又名菸草花葉病毒,是一種[https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92 RNA病毒],專門感染植物,尤其是菸草及其他茄科植物,能使這些受感染的葉片看來斑駁污損,因此得名。 | ||
===國家、帝國=== | ===國家、帝國=== | ||
*印加帝國:11世紀至16世紀時位於南美洲的古老帝國,亦是前哥倫布時期美洲最大的帝國 | *印加帝國:11世紀至16世紀時位於南美洲的古老帝國,亦是前哥倫布時期美洲最大的帝國 | ||
− | + | [[File:印加帝國國徽.png|200px]] | |
− | [[File: | + | *阿茲特克:是一個存在於14世紀至16世紀的墨西哥古文明,是前哥倫布時期中美洲最大的帝國,也形成了獨特的阿茲特克文明。 |
− | + | [[File:阿茲特克金字塔.jpg|200px]] | |
− | 阿茲特克:是一個存在於14世紀至16世紀的墨西哥古文明,是前哥倫布時期中美洲最大的帝國,也形成了獨特的阿茲特克文明。 | + | |
===參考連結=== | ===參考連結=== | ||
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大盆地的原住民(出自維基百科)] | 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大盆地的原住民(出自維基百科)] | ||
*[http://geacron.com/home-zh-hans/?lang=zh-hans 世界历史地图集“及时间表] | *[http://geacron.com/home-zh-hans/?lang=zh-hans 世界历史地图集“及时间表] | ||
+ | *[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Four_cigars.jpg Four cigars.jpg] | ||
+ | *[https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%B8%E8%8D%89%E9%91%B2%E5%B5%8C%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92 菸草鑲嵌病毒] | ||
+ | *[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Banner_of_the_Inca_Empire.svg Banner of the Inca Empire.svg] | ||
+ | *[http://www.wikiwand.com/zh-mo/%E5%8D%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B 印加帝國2] | ||
+ | |||
===搜尋關鍵字=== | ===搜尋關鍵字=== | ||
*北美印第安抽菸 | *北美印第安抽菸 | ||
第 53 行: | 第 62 行: | ||
*北美印第安文化 | *北美印第安文化 | ||
*印加帝國 | *印加帝國 | ||
+ | *水煙 | ||
+ | *香菸 | ||
+ | *雪茄 | ||
+ | *菸絲 | ||
+ | *阿茲特克金字塔 | ||
+ | *印加帝國國徽 |
2016年4月24日 (日) 23:15的最新修訂版本
展品基本資料
- 年代:西元前200年到西元100年之間
- 出處:美國的俄亥俄州土塚市
- 高5.1cm、深10cm、寬3.3cm
- 經緯度:40.3664、-82.7901
簡介
抽菸會帶來快樂與危險。這支菸斗在2000年前的北美洲非常流行。他的形狀就像一支卡祖笛,他有一把長柄和一個碗狀的東西,是用略帶紅色的石頭雕刻而成,下面有個長約10cm的平直底座,底座一邊挖了一個小孔,當作菸頭咬嘴,煙斗的碗狀物用來放菸草,石頭磨得很光滑,水賴的頭向著菸頭咬嘴,因此抽菸的人在抽菸時眼睛會正好凝視著水賴的眼睛,且鼻子和水賴的鼻子也會碰在一起。這便是世界上人類最早使用的煙斗,人類抽菸斗的歷史從此開始。
北美印第安文化
- 抽菸是北美洲宗教和禮儀上必備的一部份,北美東部部落會進行大量的菸草袋作為貿易項目,部落的人民往往會用菸斗抽菸。菸草作為醫藥用途,作為一種止痛劑。它被用於耳痛和牙痛,偶爾作為膏藥。
- 詹姆斯城(Jamestown),約翰·羅爾夫(John Rolfe)是第一個知道如何種植菸草的人。1612年他引進素質優良的菸草種子,種出來的菸草品質更好。他在維吉尼亞州種植,並在英國出售,風味更受歡迎。羅爾夫和包爾坦酋長的女兒普卡康蒂公主(Pocahontas)結為夫妻。普卡康蒂的兒子也繼承父親的菸草種植業。
- 佛教和尚戒飲酒,酒是五戒之一,但未提到戒菸。《四分戒》中第四卷甚至提到佛祖教人為了治療熱帶性疾病去吸菸的方法。中國佛協第六屆全國代表會議通過《全國漢傳佛教寺院共住規約通則》,明確禁止吸菸。
香菸約於明朝末年傳入中國。1637年,崇禎為了禁菸,勒令以斬首示眾懲罰私種私售者。不過遼東與後金苦戰的兵部尚書洪承疇卻上奏說「遼東士卒,嗜此若命」,導致禁菸過程出現障礙。《清史稿》列傳十八有遼西將領孫得功駐守義州時曾疏言:「禁淡巴菰(ㄍㄨ),令未能行。步兵皆用火器,尤宜申諭戒革……」。清初士人王士禛的筆記記載:「今世公卿士大夫下逮與隸婦女,無不嗜(ㄕˋ)菸草,田家種之連畛(ㄓㄣˇ),頗獲厚利。考之《本草》、《爾雅》,皆不載。」 目前只有略高於5%的世界人口受到反吸菸法的保護。世界衛生組織估計,與吸菸相關的疾病每年導致大約500萬人過早死亡,其中有大約60萬非吸菸者死於二手菸的危害。
菸斗、菸種類
菸草病毒
- 菸草鑲嵌病毒,又名菸草花葉病毒,是一種RNA病毒,專門感染植物,尤其是菸草及其他茄科植物,能使這些受感染的葉片看來斑駁污損,因此得名。
國家、帝國
- 印加帝國:11世紀至16世紀時位於南美洲的古老帝國,亦是前哥倫布時期美洲最大的帝國
- 阿茲特克:是一個存在於14世紀至16世紀的墨西哥古文明,是前哥倫布時期中美洲最大的帝國,也形成了獨特的阿茲特克文明。
參考連結
- 維基共享資源 User:Nikater
- 菸草
- 印加帝國
- 阿茲特克
- 美洲原住民
- 吸菸
- 核糖核酸病毒
- 吸菸
- 美國往事——北美的原住民:印地安人
- 雪茄
- Indigenous peoples of the Great Basin
- 大盆地的原住民(出自維基百科)
- 世界历史地图集“及时间表
- Four cigars.jpg
- 菸草鑲嵌病毒
- Banner of the Inca Empire.svg
- 印加帝國2
搜尋關鍵字
- 北美印第安抽菸
- 菸草
- 北美印第安文化
- 印加帝國
- 水煙
- 香菸
- 雪茄
- 菸絲
- 阿茲特克金字塔
- 印加帝國國徽