Contemporary Adaptations in Taiwanese Education

Milestone events in Taiwanese Education

	event	year	Influence
1	Revision of the University Act	1987~1994	1.The beginning of autonomy of university and selection of the Principle. 2.Abolished the Common Required Courses List.
2	410 Education Reform	1994	1.Facilitated the establishment of the Commission on Education Reform from Executive Yuan. 2.Legislation of Educational Fundamental Act. 3.Reduced the number of students per class in primary and secondary schools.
3	The Commission on Education Reform in Executive Yuan	1994~1996	1.Confirmed education reform stands as a government statement. 2.Confirmed “Loosing ties” as the main route of development in education. 3.Striving 157 billion Allocations Legal Expenses for Education Reform Action Plan.
4	Legalization of parent-teacher association	1989~1994	1.Parent-teacher associations widely established in Taiwan. 2.Regulations for Parental Involvement in Compulsory Education had been legislated. 3.The progress on parental involvement in Regulations for Parental Involvement in Compulsory Education appeared to be limited.
5	Reforming of teacher policies	1989~1995~1999	1.Distinguishing teachers from government employees. 2.General universities participate in teacher training. 3.Change from public funding to self-funding. 4.Change from assignment to recruitment. 5.Teachers establish a teachers' association. 6.Change the teacher pension system from gratuity to a savings plan.
6	The Establishment and Development of Community Colleges	1998~	1.Providing affordable lifelong learning. 2.Developing local studies. 3.Creating networks of instructors organized by local experts. 4.Creating networks of students composed of local residents.
7	The first 21 reform	1993~1999	1.Suspended the application of standardized textbooks in Grade 1-9 Curriculum. 2.Revisioning policies of Primary and secondary schools towards school-based governance.
8	Educational Fundamental Act	1994~1999	1.Initiated the legislation of the three experimental education laws in 2014. 2.Supporting and safeguarding education funding.
9	The Compilation and Administration of Education Expenditures Act	1997~2000	1.Education funding increased to approximately 100 billion on average every 4.4 years. 2.Ensured the development of education in Taiwan will not be constrained by financial shortages. 3.Citizens could participate in education financial governance through two committees. 4.Ascending of the various education expenditures.
10	Grade 1-9 Curriculum	1998~2004~2018	1.Antagonized traditional leaders of the academic and Teacher Training field. 2.Confirmed the structure and priority of schools in curriculum governance. (school-based curriculum). 3.Divided Learning Areas by Symbol Systems. 4.Established two major types of Curriculum Guidelines units: "Domains" and "Issues." 5.Established that teachers can compile their own teaching materials or textbooks. 6.Increasingly merging both weekly schedules and semester schedules. 7.Initiated the advocacy of "learning paradigm" instead of "teaching paradigm" but appeared to be unstable. 8.The high school Curriculum Guidelines committee refused to converge the policies connected with Grade 1-9 Curriculum.
11	Curriculum Guidelines of 12Year Basic Education	2009~2014~	1.The national treasury allocates 20 billion every year to reverse the social and economic distribution of senior high school students’ families.(Free tuition subsidy for private high school students) 2.High school entrance exams are gradually moving towards exemption. 3.Promoted the third round of curriculum reform. 4.Implemented academic portfolio for high school students. 5.The methods of entering university becoming more diversified.
12	The legislation of 3 types of Experimental Education Act	2012~2014~	1.People can create an education that meets their own needs. Taiwanese education has begun to adopt the spirit of "education-maker". 2.Accelerate the development of self-directed learning paradigm discourse and practice. 3.Inspired the spirit of self-directed learning in Curriculum Guidelines of 12Year Basic Education. 4.Accelerated the introduction of various alternative education schools to Taiwan. (Montessori, Waldorf, etc.) 5.Legalizing Bible reading education. (Bible, Buddhist scriptures, Confucian scriptures) 6.Launch a hybrid national education support model. 7.Several years after it, the cram school managed experimental education in the institution. 8.Started the struggle for the legitimacy of self-operated compulsory education. 9.Gradually expand state treasury subsidies for “national-education-maker”. 10.Started independent learning and leadership training on the teacher side. 11.Provided a foundation for connecting "post-AI public education". 12.Start the exploration and development of "class-based courses".

A Visual Representation of Interconnected Milestones in the History of Taiwanese Education

1. Blue Lines: Historical associations.
2. Red Lines: Developing associations.
3. From left to right, the diagram is divided into three stages:

   (1)Get out of martial law：①~⑦

   (2)trending toward publicization：⑧~⑩

   (3)paradigm shift：⑪~⑫