暑假第二份英文作業/2018.07.02-2018.08.24/邱申晴

2018/07/02-2018/07/06

WHO Plans to Ban Trans Fats in food by 2023

In May, the World Health Organization(WHO) announced their efforts to get rid of artificial trans fats from international food supplies by the year 2023. Health risks caused by trans fats in products used for cooking, like margarine and certain kinds of vegetable oil, are the reason for the ban. Global statistics show that artificial trans fats contributed to an estimated half-million deaths annually from heart disease. Developing countries are most at risk because of their limited access to resources and the prevalence of cheap processed food. Dr. Thomas R. Frieden, president of Resolve to Save Lives, an initiative that is working with the WHO, told The New York Times, "If the world replaces trans fats, people won't taste the difference, food won't cost more, but your heart will know the difference."

世界衛生組織在五月時宣布，他們要在2023年前努力清除國際食品供應中的人造反式脂肪。禁止的原因是因為用於烹飪的產品中含有的反式脂肪會對健康造成威脅，例如人造黃油和某些植物油。根據全球統計數據顯示，人造反式脂肪每年導致約50萬人死於心髒病。開發中國家由於獲取資源的機會有限以及廉價加工食品的普及處於最高風險。Resolve to Save Lives是一項和世衛組織合作的倡議活動，領導者Dr. Thomas R. Frieden跟紐約時報說：「如果世界取代掉反式脂肪，人們就嚐不出差異，食物花費也不會更高，但你的心臟會知道差異。」

P.5

2018/07/09-2018/07/13

Japanese Farmers Create Banana With Edible Peel

According to National Geographic, scientists at D&T Farm in Japan's Okayama Prefecture announced their most recent development of a banana with some properties that have made it a viral story. They successfully grew a banana fruit with a peel that people can eat. It took months of experimenting with a freezing-and-thawing method, which keeps the banana tree at extremely cold temperatures of -60 degrees Celsius followed by a dramatic heat increase to around 26 degrees. The result is soft and thin skin that hasn't fully developed.

The scientists' method mimics plant growth during ice ages or other long freezes. Cold temperatures slow plants metabolism; a sudden burst of sun and heat tends to lead to dramatic growth. In the banana's case, the fruit-which holds the seed-matures before the skin can catch up.

跟據國家地理，日本岡山縣D＆T農場的科學家們宣布他們最近研發出的一種香蕉，它的一些特性使它開始爆紅。他們成功栽培了一種連果皮都能吃的香蕉。花了幾個月的時間用冷凍和解凍方法來實驗，把香蕉樹保持在攝氏-60度的極冷溫度中，然後劇烈的升溫到26度左右。結果是柔軟且薄、尚未完全發育的香蕉皮。

科學家的方法在模仿冰河時期或其他長期凍結期間植物生長的環境。低溫會減慢植物新陳代謝;突然的陽光和熱力往往會使植物急劇生長。在香蕉的案例中，有含種子的果實會在外皮果皮熟成前就成熟。

P.13

2018/07/16-2018/07/20

"Zombie Deer Disease" Spreading in US Canada

Chronicto wasting disease (CWD), also known as "zombie deer disease," was found in deer from 22 states and two Canadian provinces last winter, according to a report by the Daily Mail. The infection attacks the brain, spinal cord, and other tissues in deer, elk, and moose, resulting in dramatic weight loss, lack of coordination, and even aggression before they eventually die.

While it's not yet known to be transmissible to humans, a recent study showed that macaques could get CWD after consuming infected meat. It sounds very much like Mad Cow disease, which hit the UK in the mid-1980s after cattle ate bone meal of sheep infected with a similar virus. The disease then made the jump to people through infected beef products. This has sparked fears about a variant of CWD that could affect humans.

跟據「每日郵報」報導，去年冬天在美國22個州和加拿大2個省發現有鹿得了慢性消耗疾病（CWD），也稱為"狂鹿症"。這種感染會攻擊鹿、麋鹿和駝鹿的大腦、脊髓和其他組織，導致嚴重的體重減輕和缺乏協調，甚至在它們死前會有攻擊性。

雖然目前尚不知道這個病會不會傳染給人類，但最近的一項研究表明，獼猴吃到感染過的肉後會得狂鹿病。這聽起來非常像狂牛症，狂牛症在1980中期，牛吃到被類似病毒感染的羊骨粉後重擊了英國。然後這種疾病通過受感染的牛肉產品傳給了人。這引發了人們擔心狂鹿症的變種可能會對人類帶來影響。

P.14

2018/07/23-2018/07/27

The Inspiring Story of Lizzie Velasquez

Lizzie Velasquez was born with a rare genetic disorder that prevents her from gaining weight and weakens her immune system. Excited with anticipation, Lizzie didn't know she looked different when she entered first grade. Other kids pointed and stared. None of them wanted to be near her. Not knowing why, she felt hurt and confused. Lizzie's parents, school, and church officials told her that she wasn't differant, just smaller.

Thanks to her upbeat personality, she eventually made friends, wrote for her high school newspaper,and joined the cheerleading squad. Then,Lizzie came across a YouTube Video entitled "The World's Ugliest Woman." This old footage of her drew thousands of nasty, hurtful comments. Lizzie read them all; not one supported her. It hit her like a ton of bricks, and even though her father said forgiveness was the best response, accepting the idea took some time. She decided to use this painful experience to take back her self-esteem and help as many people a as she could.

On her way to becoming a motivational speaker, she earned a bachelor's degree in communications. Her first TED talk was recorded in 2013 and now has 11 over million views. The documentary film, A Brave Heart: The Lizzie Velasquez Story played at film festivals around the world. Lizzie's nationwide campaign to combat bullying online, offline, and at school focuses on lobbying for federal anti-bullying laws to be passed. While Lizzie's story stands out, the pain of feeling victimized' by other people is something everyone can relate to. Lizzie's true beauty lies in her selfless efforts to support victims, while working to prevent abusive behavior from happening to anyone.

Lizzie Velasquez出生時，患了會讓他體重沒辦法增加並讓她的免疫系統削弱的一種罕見遺傳疾病。Lizzie興奮地期待著進入一年級時，她並不知道自己看起來和別人有所不同。其他孩子指著並盯著她看。沒有人想要靠近她。她並不知道為什麼，但她感到受傷和困惑。Lizzie的父母、學校和教堂的人告訴她，她沒有什麼不同，只是比較小一點而已。

多虧她樂觀的個性，她最後還是交到了朋友，為她的高中寫報紙，並加入了啦啦隊。然後，Lizzie看到一個叫「世界上最醜陋的女人」的YouTube視頻。她的舊影片吸引了成千上萬惡意的、傷人的評論， Lizzie看完所有的評論，沒有一個支持她的人。她像被一堆磚頭擊中一樣，即使她的父親說寬恕是最好的回應，要接受這個想法還是花了一些時間。她決定利用這種痛苦的經歷來拿回她的自尊心，盡可能地幫助更多的人。

在成為勵志演講者的路上，她獲得了傳播學士學位。她2013年在TED的第一次演講被錄下來，現在有超過一千一百萬次觀看。紀錄片「一個勇敢的心：Lizzie Velasquez的故事」在世界各地的電影節上播放。Lizzie對抗在線上、離線和學校霸凌行為的全國活動，重點在遊說通過反霸凌聯邦法律。Lizzie的故事脫穎而出，且每個人都可以感受到被他人傷害的痛苦。Lizzie真正的美在於她支持受害者的無私努力，同時努力防止會發生在任何人身上的虐待行為。

P.6

2018/07/30-2018/08/03

Get Cozy in an Igloo Bar

Seeing the sky lit up by the northern or southern lights from the comfort of a warm bed is a rare experience if you don't live anywhere near the Arctic or Antarctic Circles. While stargazers travel to igloo hotels in the polar regions for these celestial wonder, like Iceland's 5 Million Star Hotel, the rest of us will have to make do. Igloo bars offering spectacular views of city skylines are a worthy alternative.

While the word igloo makes most people think of icy, dome snow shelters, igloo bars look more like large dome-shaped tents. In late 2016, the Coppa Club in London opened igloo bars overlooking the Tower Bridge along the Thames. Decorated with dangling ivy, furry blankets, candles, speakers, heating, and a holiday menu, the domes quickly became popular. Anyone who steps foot inside the igloo feels like they are traveling into another world, like the world in so many fantasy stories.

The enchanting bubbles returned to the Thames for the winter months of 2017, even springing up in other parts of London. For example, Coppa Club opened some on the rooftop of Heathrow Airport. Other cities, like New York, Sydney, and Budapest, quickly followed suit with their own igloo bars. With their rising popularity, let's hope you can find them in a city near you next winter.

假如你不住在任何靠近北極或南極圈的地方，那舒服地躺在床上仰望北極或南極光點亮整個天空是一個難得的經驗。觀星族旅遊到極地的冰屋飯店來看天空奇景，像冰島的5百萬星星飯店，而我們其餘的人就只能將就。有提供城市天際線壯觀的風景的冰屋酒吧就是一個值得的替代方案。

雖冰屋個字會讓很多人想到冷冰冰的圓屋頂避雪所，但冰屋酒吧看起來更像大型的圓屋頂帳篷。在2016年後，Coppa俱樂部在倫敦開設了能俯瞰泰唔士河倫敦塔橋的冰屋酒吧。有懸掛的常春藤、毛茸茸的毯、蠟燭、音響、暖氣和一個假日菜單來裝飾，這個圓屋頂很快地就成名了。任何人踏進冰屋裡，會讓他們感覺是到了另一個世界旅遊，像很多奇幻故事裡的世界依樣。

令人愉悅的泡泡屋在2017年冬季回到泰唔士河，甚至在倫敦其他地方如雨後春筍般出現。舉個例，Coppa俱樂部在西斯羅機場的屋頂開設了冰屋酒吧。其他的城市，像紐約、雪梨、布達佩斯，很快地也效仿，開設了屬於自己地區的冰屋酒吧。隨著它們聲望漸漸升起，希望下個冬天你可以在附近的城市找到冰屋酒吧。

P.19

2018/08/06-2018/08/10

MONSTER CROC WRANGLER-ACROCODILE'S TAIL

Fearsome crocodiles are one predator not to be messed with in the wild. But that's just what Matt Wright, the host of Monster Croc Wrangler—A Crocodile's Tail, and his adventurous Aussie mates intend to do. National Geographic is there for every second of the action, as they get up close and personal with saltwater crocodiles in the Northern Territory of Australia. Tracking and trapping crocodiles as a conservationist, Wright tangles with the deadly reptiles in order to save their lives.

His mission is to protect the crocodiles from dangerous encounters with humans, and vice versa, by moving them to other areas instead of killing them. When an animal attacks, it is usually put to death. The increasing saltwater croc population Down Under has led to a growing need for intervention. National Geographic follows Wright as he works with local experts, farmers, and authorities to safely relocate wildlife. Every episode features Wright traveling to a remote location to save the day with his compassionate problemsolving and hands-on expertise.

In Monster Croc Wrangler—A Crocodile's Tail, Wright and the crew travel to Mount Keppler, just south of Darwin, Australia. Tales of a monstrous crocodile have spread there for decades. According to the stories, the croc got so big from feeding off scraps from a slaughterhouse. Will Wright and 2-fingered Tommy Nichols from Parks & Wildlife be able to catch the croc and release it back into the wild? Tune in to National Geographic for a chance to see the men build a trap and catch one of the largest crocodiles ever on Monster Croc Wrangler—A Crocodile's Tail !

可怕的鱷魚是在野外時最好不要去惹的一種捕食者，但這就是 Monster Croc Wrangler—A Crocodile's Tail節目主持人Matt Wright，和他的富有冒險精神的澳洲夥伴打算要去做的事。他們在澳洲的北領地和鹽水鱷近距離接觸，每一個動作都被國家地理記錄下來了。Wright像一個保育人士一樣跟蹤、誘捕鱷魚，去招惹這些致命的爬蟲類動物是為了要救他們的性命。

用遷移鱷魚到其他的地方來免於他們被殺死，他的任務是保護鱷魚不讓它們因人類接觸產生的危險，反之亦然。但動物攻擊人，他們就將被處死。澳洲的鹽水鱷越來越多導致介入的需要也越高了。國家地理跟著Wright和當地專家、農夫、和當局一起將野生動物安全的重新安置。每一集的特色是，Wright會到偏僻的地方旅行，用他有同情心的解決問題方法和實際操作的專業知識轉危為安。

在 Monster Croc Wrangler—A Crocodile's Tail，Wright和一群人去澳洲達爾文南邊的克普勒山。數十年，一直有流傳有一隻巨大鱷魚的傳說。根據傳說，那隻鱷魚以屠宰場的碎片為食，而長的這麼大。Wright和從公園和野外動物來的2指Tommy Nichols能夠抓到鱷魚並且把它放回 野外嗎？轉到國家地理，就有機會看到那些男人製造陷阱和捕捉「 Monster Croc Wrangler—A Crocodile's Tail」中最大的鱷魚之一！

P.16

2018/08/13-2018/08/17

FOUND:DEAD MERMAID ON BEACH

Walking along any beach in Taiwan, you can't help but be struck by the huge amount of trash washed up on rocky or sandy beaches. It doesn't belong there. The problem is that we humans put it there. This garbage is not only unnatural and unsightly; it is also deadly to marine life.

In December last year, two sea turtles were found washed up on the beaches of Penghu, an archipelago county of Taiwan. One was dead; the other was found puking up blood before it died. On later inspection, both turtles' stomachs were full of plastic, such as bottles and straws. Another turtle was entangle in fishing nets. It survived and was released back into the sea.

Pollution is a continuing problem everywhere. Earth's skies, land, and even oceans are filling up with poisonous gases and debris. One artist, Benjamin Von Wong, decided to do something about the polluting of our oceans.

With the help of other volunteer artists, a friend who owned a warehouse, and a trucking company, Von Wong borrowed 10,000 plastic bottles from a recycling center. The trucking company offered to transport the bottles, which filled the bottom of a 50-foot truck. He then used the warehouse to stage a fake beach and asked a model to wear a costume and pose for pictures showing a dead mermaid engulfed by plastic trash. You can see the results for yourself in photos with the hashtag #MermaidsHatePlastic.

Von Wong's hope is that seeing his shocking photos will encourage people to take the problem of trash in our oceans seriously. The solution is simple: we should properly dispose of any garbage we produce. Start today, and you will help save marine creatures—and maybe even a mermaid.

沿著台灣的任何海邊遊走，你不得不為被沖上岩灘或沙灘的大量垃圾而震驚。它們不屬於那裡。這問題的來源是我們人類放在那裡。這垃圾不只不自然和不悅目外；對還生動物也會產生致命傷害。

去年12月，在台灣澎湖縣群島的海邊發現有兩隻海龜被沖上岸。一隻死了；另一隻被發現時吐血然後死亡。後來檢查時發現兩隻烏龜的胃充滿著像瓶子和吸管的塑膠。另一隻烏龜被魚網纏住。但他倖存下來並被放回大海了。

汙染對於任何地方都是持續不斷的問題。地球的天空、陸地、甚至是海洋都充滿著有毒氣體和廢棄物。一個藝術家Benjamin Von Wong，決定要為海洋汙染做些什麼事。

在其他自願的藝術家、一個有倉庫的朋友、和一個卡車公司的幫忙下，Von Wong向回收中心借10000個塑膠瓶子。卡車公司提意要運送裝滿50英尺長卡車的寶特瓶。後來他把倉庫裝扮成假海灘然後叫模特兒穿上服裝，百好姿勢拍照，展示出在塑膠垃圾包圍裡死掉的美人魚照片。你可以自己找標籤#MermaidsHatePlastic來看照片成果。

Von Wong希望看到這些震驚的照片的人們，能夠因受到鼓勵嚴肅地去看待海洋垃圾的問題。解決辦法很簡單：我們應改要確實的處理掉我們製造出來的任何垃圾。今天開始，你將幫助救那些海洋生物 ，或甚至是一隻美人魚。

P.27

2018/08/20-2018/08/24

THE CULTURAL RICHES OF SARAWAK

If you're in search of a travel destination that's a bit off the beaten track, Sarawak is an ideal spot to explore. Located on the northwestern coast of the island of Borneo in Malaysia, Sarawak is a vast wilderness filled with spectacular natural scenery. It's also famous for its friendly locals, who are eager to show tourists their way of life.

The best way to begin any trip to Sarawak is to book a stay at the Sarawak Cultural Village. The village has been nicknamed "the living museum" because it offers a window into Sarawak's present and past. The village stretches across 17 acres and is home to approximately 150 people. During your visit, you will have the opportunity to interact with the diverse groups of people residing in Sarawak.

One such tribe is the Melanau, who comprise roughly 6% of Sarawak's population. The Melanau have always lived by the sea, which in the past put them in constant danger from pirate raids. In order to protect themselves, they built towering houses that stood up to 12 meters high. An example of this unique architectural style is the Melanau Tall House. Inside, you can feast on a traditional meal of sago pearls and biscuits. In the evenings, a resident storyteller will entertain guests with old ghost stories.

Nearby are the Penan group who live at the Penan Hut. They are the last of Sarawak's hunter-gatherers. The members of this nomadic tribe have a reputation for being brave warriors and experts at using blowpipes. Visitors can observe as they create these dangerous weapons by hand and even get a lesson on how to shoot them in the forest.

假如你在尋找一個人跡罕至的旅遊地點的話，砂拉越會是一個理想的探險地。它位於馬來西亞婆羅洲的西北沿岸，砂拉越是一個充滿壯觀自然風景的廣闊荒野。他們也已當地人很友善出名，它們渴望向旅客展現出他們的生活方式。

開始砂拉越旅行最好的方式就是在沙拉越文化村預定住宿。這個村也被叫為「活的博物館」因為它提供了一個能到砂拉越現在和過去的窗戶。這個村延伸穿過17畝，大約有150個人的家。當你來拜訪時，你將有機會和居住砂拉越的各式各樣的族群互動。

馬蘭諾族就是一個這樣的部落，它的構成大概就是6%的砂拉越人口。馬蘭諾族都居住在海邊，所以它們在過去不斷處在被海盜襲擊的危險當中。為了保護他們自己，他們建造了高12公尺的高聳房子。馬蘭諾族高大的房子就是這種獨特建築風格的一個例子。在裡面，你可以享用傳統的西谷米珍珠餐和餅乾。在晚上，有一個常駐的說書人將會用老的鬼故事來娛樂客人。

附近有住在南人寮舍的南人族。他們是砂拉越最後的狩獵採集民族。這個游牧部落的成員以勇敢的戰士和吹箭的專家而有名。他們在親手做危險的武器時，遊客可以觀察，甚至能學會如何在森林裡射吹箭。